Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes in Europe - Overview and analysis of main features and possibilities for harmonisation

This Technical Report, TR, will analyze and describe the concept of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes and White Certificate Schemes for energy efficiency improvement, based on the experiences in Europe. The scope is limited to the current systems in use in Italy, France, Denmark and UK. These national systems have been in operation long enough to gain some valuable experiences about the systems. Information about these experiences is easily accessible. Some additional information about the regional system in Flanders, Belgium has been included in this report when considered relevant. Apart from the descriptive aim, the second aim will be to analyse if there is a need and/or possibility to harmonize a system in Europe (i.e. to write a standard). The scope will also include an analysis about why some countries are hesitant to introduce white certificate systems